System and Method for Setting Cyclic Prefix Length

ABSTRACT

A method for communicating in a wireless communications system includes receiving a trigger frame comprising scheduling information and a cyclic prefix indicator indicating a first length of a first cyclic prefix, wherein the trigger frame is received in accordance with the first cyclic prefix, determining a second length of a second cyclic prefix for a transmission in accordance with the scheduling information and the cyclic prefix indicator, and transmitting the transmission with the second cyclic prefix.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/869,411, filed on Sep. 29, 2015, entitled “System and Method forSetting Cyclic Prefix Length,” which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/082,234, filed on Nov. 20, 2014, entitled“System and Method for Setting Cyclic Prefix Length,” all of whichapplications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to digital communications, and, inparticular embodiments, to setting cyclic prefix (CP) length.

BACKGROUND

The number of devices using Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) continueto show dramatic growth. WLANs allow users the ability to connect tohigh-speed services without being tethered to wireline connections.WLANs are wireless communications systems that are based on the IEEE802.11 series of technical standards. Typically, as the number ofdevices using WLANs increases, the density of devices in the WLANs(e.g., access points (APs) and stations (STA)) will also increase. Highdensities of APs (also commonly referred to as communicationscontroller, controller, and the like) and stations (also commonlyreferred to as user, subscriber, terminal, and the like) tend to makeWLANs less efficient, especially since the original WLANs were designedassuming a low density of APs and stations. As an example ofinefficiency, a currently used enhanced distributed channel access(EDCA) based media access control (MAC) scheme generally does not workefficiently in an environment with high AP and station density.

A newly formed IEEE 802.11 Study Group named “High Efficiency WLAN(HEW)” has been formed to study, among other things, improving systemperformance in a high density environment. As a result of the study ofthe HEW Study Group, a Task Group called TGax was formed.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Example embodiments of the present disclosure which provide a system andmethod for setting cyclic prefix length.

In accordance with another example embodiment of the present disclosure,a method for communicating in a wireless communications system isprovided. The method includes receiving, by a station, a trigger framecomprising scheduling information and a cyclic prefix indicatorindicating a first length of a first cyclic prefix, wherein the triggerframe is received in accordance with the first cyclic prefix,determining, by the station, a second length of a second cyclic prefixfor a transmission in accordance with the scheduling information and thecyclic prefix indicator, and transmitting, by the station, thetransmission with the second cyclic prefix.

In accordance with another example embodiment of the present disclosure,a method for communicating in a wireless communications system isprovided. The method includes transmitting, by an access point, atrigger frame comprising scheduling information and a cyclic prefixindicator indicating a first length of a first cyclic prefix, whereinthe trigger frame is transmitted in accordance with the first cyclicprefix, and wherein the scheduling information and the cyclic prefixindicator is configured to prompt an adjustment to a second length of asecond cyclic prefix, and receiving, by the access point, a firsttransmission from a station, the first transmission with the secondlength of the second cyclic prefix determined in accordance with thescheduling information and the cyclic prefix indicator.

In accordance with another example embodiment of the present disclosure,a station is provided. The station includes a receiver, a processoroperatively coupled to the receiver, and a transmitter operativelycoupled to the processor. The receiver receives a trigger framecomprising scheduling information and a cyclic prefix indicatorindicating a first length of a first cyclic prefix, wherein the triggerframe is received in accordance with the first cyclic prefix. Theprocessor determines a second length of a second cyclic prefix for atransmission in accordance with the scheduling information and thecyclic prefix indicator. The transmitter transmits the transmission withthe second cyclic prefix.

In accordance with another example embodiment of the present disclosure,an access point is provided. The access point includes a transmitter,and a receiver operatively coupled to the transmitter. The transmittertransmits a trigger frame comprising scheduling information and a cyclicprefix indicator indicating a first length of a first cyclic prefix,wherein the trigger frame is transmitted in accordance with the firstcyclic prefix, and wherein the scheduling information and the cyclicprefix indicator are configured to prompt an adjustment to a secondlength of a second cyclic prefix. The receiver receives a firsttransmission from a station, the first transmission with the secondlength of the second cyclic prefix determined in accordance with thescheduling information and the cyclic prefix indicator.

One advantage of an embodiment is that the cyclic prefix length is setin accordance with implicit or explicit indicators without requiringtiming advance commands, therefore, communications overhead is reduced.

A further advantage of an embodiment is that the uplink cyclic prefixlength is adjustable through adjusting the downlink cyclic prefixlength, therefore, the signaling overhead of indicating the uplinkcyclic prefix length is reduced by taking advantage of the existingindication of downlink CP length.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and theadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptionstaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates wireless communications system in accordance with anembodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of channel access timing in accordance withan embodiment;

FIG. 3a illustrates a flow diagram of operations occurring in an AP asthe AP transmits uplink scheduling information to stations in accordancewith an embodiment;

FIG. 3b illustrates a flow diagram of operations occurring in a stationas the station transmits to its AP in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example interaction between an AP and two stations(STA1 and STA2) in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 5 illustrates a message exchange diagram highlighting messagesexchanged between a station and its AP, where an indicator of the use ofOFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is included in uplink scheduling information inaccordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 6 illustrates a message exchange diagram highlighting messagesexchanged between a station and its AP, where the station determines ifOFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is being used in accordance with an embodiment;

FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate flow diagrams of example operations occurringin an AP as the AP transmits uplink scheduling information to stationsand a station as the station transmits to its AP in accordance with anembodiment; and

FIG. 8 illustrates a computing platform that may be used forimplementing, for example, the devices and methods described herein, inaccordance with an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The operating of the current example embodiments and the structurethereof are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated,however, that the present disclosure provides many applicable inventiveconcepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts.The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specificstructures of the disclosure and ways to operate the disclosure, and donot limit the scope of the disclosure.

The present disclosure will be described with respect to exampleembodiments in a specific context, namely communications systems thatuses different length cyclic prefixes to help maintain signalorthogonality. The disclosure may be applied to standards compliantcommunications systems, such as those that are compliant with ThirdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP), IEEE 802.11, and the like,technical standards, and non-standards compliant communications systems,that uses different length cyclic prefixes to help maintain signalorthogonality.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system 100.Wireless communications system 100 includes an access point (AP) 105that serves one or more stations, such as stations (STA) 110-116, byreceiving communications originating from the stations and thenforwarding the communications to their intended destinations orreceiving communications destined to the stations and then forwardingthe communications to their intended stations. In addition tocommunicating through AP 105, some stations may directly communicatewith one another. As an illustrative example, station 116 may transmitdirectly to station 118. While it is understood that communicationssystems may employ multiple APs capable of communicating with a numberof stations, only one AP, and a number of stations are illustrated forsimplicity.

Transmissions to and/or from a station occur on a shared wirelesschannel. WLANs make use of carrier sense multiple access with collisionavoidance (CSMA/CA), where a station desiring to transmit needs tocontend for access to the wireless channel before it can transmit. Astation may contend for access to the wireless channel using a networkallocation vector (NAV). The NAV may be set to a first value torepresent that the wireless channel is busy and to a second value torepresent that the wireless channel is idle. The NAV may be set bystation in accordance with physical carrier sensing and/or reception oftransmissions from other stations and/or APs. Therefore, contending foraccess to the wireless channel may require the station to expend asignificant amount of time, thereby decreasing wireless channelutilization and overall efficiency. Furthermore, contending for accessto the wireless channel may become difficult if not impossible as thenumber of stations contending for access increases.

FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram 200 of example channel access timing. Afirst trace 205 represents channel access for a first station (STA 1), asecond trace 207 represents channel access for a second station (STA 2),and a third trace 209 represents channel access for a third station (STA3). A short inter-frame space (SIFS) has a duration of 16 microseconds,a point coordination function (PCF) inter-frame space (PIFS) has aduration of 25 microseconds, while a distributed inter-frame space(DIFS) may last longer than either the SIFS or the PIFS. A backoffperiod may be a random duration. Therefore, active scanning may notprovide the best solution when there are large numbers of stationsattempting to perform AP/network discovery.

In cellular communications systems, e.g., 3GPP LTE compliantcommunications systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) has been shown to be able to provide robust performance in highdensity environments. OFDMA has the ability to support multiple userssimultaneously by carrying traffic from different users on differentportions of the communications system bandwidth. In general, OFDMA cansupport a large number of users more efficiently, especially when datatraffic from individual users is low. Specifically, OFDMA can avoidwasting frequency resources if traffic from one user cannot fill theentirety of the communications system bandwidth by utilizing the unusedbandwidth to carry transmissions from other user(s). The ability toutilize unused bandwidth may become crucial as the communications systembandwidth continues to become wider.

Similarly, uplink multi-user multiple input multiple output (UL MU-MIMO)techniques have also been used in cellular communications systems, e.g.,3GPP LTE, to enhance communications system performance. UL MU-MIMOallows multiple users to simultaneously transmit on the sametime-frequency resource(s) with the transmissions being separated inspace (i.e., on different spatial streams).

In order to support OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO, it is generally requiredthat the transmitted signals of the multiple users (stations) arrive atthe receiver (AP) at substantially the same time, otherwise,orthogonality among the signals from the multiple users may bedestroyed. For downlink transmissions, this is readily achieved sincethe downlink transmissions are from a single AP (or from multiple APsthat can easily be coordinated). For uplink transmissions, thistypically becomes more difficult since the transmissions are frommultiple users and the multiple users may be operating independently,making coordination difficult.

In 3GPP LTE compliant communications systems, uplink synchronization isachieved through an evolved NodeB (eNB) sending timing advance commandsto user equipments (UE). eNBs are also commonly referred to as NodeBs,APs, base stations, controllers, communications controllers, and thelike. UEs are also commonly referred to as stations, users, subscribers,mobile stations, mobiles, terminals, and the like.

The timing advance value controls the timing offset of a UE'stransmission on the uplink. For UEs that are closer to the eNB (hencewith shorter propagation delay), a smaller timing advance value may beused. For UEs that are farther away from the eNB (hence with greaterpropagation delay), a larger timing advance value may be used. Bycontrolling the uplink transmission timing for different UEs, the eNBcan make sure that the arrival time of signals originating from multipleUEs are aligned.

However, in a high density environment, sending timing advance commandsto a large number of stations may not be feasible. Additionally, IEEE802.11 compliant communications systems are asynchronous in nature, itis difficult for an AP to estimate the required timing offset for eachstation due to factors such as the existence of a random backoffinterval. Additionally, sending timing advance commands to a largenumber of stations may consume a considerable amount of resources in thecommunications system, leading to a large communications systemoverhead.

According to an example embodiment, an indicator of the use of OFDMAand/or UL MU-MIMO in the uplink is used to inform stations that OFDMAand/or UL MU-MIMO is being used for uplink transmissions and to adjusttheir cyclic prefix (CP). The length of the cyclic prefix may be basedon a value derived from a length of a cyclic prefix used in thetransmission of the trigger frame. The length of the cyclic prefix usedin the transmission of the trigger frame may be indicated in the triggerframe. As an illustrative example, a station receives uplink schedulinginformation from its AP. The uplink scheduling information may becarried in a trigger frame. An example of the trigger frame is astand-alone downlink frame comprising control information such as theuplink scheduling information. Another example of the trigger frame is adownlink frame where the control information such as the uplinkscheduling information is sent together with other downlink data. Thetrigger frame can be in the form of a MAC frame. The trigger frame canalso be in the form of a null data packet (NDP) frame. The uplinkscheduling information may include an indicator of the use of OFDMAand/or UL MU-MIMO. The indicator may be set to a first value (e.g., TRUEor ON) to indicate that OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is being used for thisuplink transmission, and the indicator may be set to a second value(e.g., FALSE or OFF) to indicate that OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is notbeing used for this uplink transmission. In other words, if theindicator is set to the first value, then multiple stations may betransmitting simultaneously on the uplink. The scheduling informationmay be transmitted from the AP to the station in a trigger message, forexample, with a CP length of CP_(DL) (CP length value for the downlink,which may be signaled in the trigger message). The indicator may be anexplicit indicator, meaning that it is present in the uplink schedulinginformation and the station receiving the uplink scheduling informationmay readily determine the value of the indicator included in the uplinkscheduling information. The indicator may be an implicit indicator,meaning that the station receiving the scheduling information may inferthe value of the indicator by examining the uplink schedulinginformation intended for the station and/or uplink schedulinginformation intended for other stations.

At the station, as the station receives the uplink schedulinginformation, the station may decide on the CP length value for theuplink (CP_(UL)) that it will use in its uplink transmission as informedby the uplink scheduling information. If the uplink schedulinginformation includes the indicator set to the second value (i.e., OFDMAand/or UL MU-MIMO is not being used) the station may set its CP_(UL) toa first CP length value (CP1), while if the indicator is set to thefirst value (i.e., OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is being used) the stationmay set its CP_(UL) to a second CP length value (CP2), which is derivedfrom CP_(DL).

In general, CP1 may be the same value as CP_(DL) and CP2 is larger thanCP_(DL) (and hence CP1) to help accommodate the different propagationdelay between different stations and the AP when OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMOis being used. It is noted that CP2 may be a default value specified bya technical standard, an operator of the communications system, and thelike, and may not need to be signaled to the station. It is noted thatother values for CP1 and CP2 are possible and that the describedrelationship of CP1<CP2 may not hold in all situations.

According to an example embodiment, CP2 is derived from a set ofpossible CP length values. As an illustrative example, a set of possibleCP length values is defined (e.g., by a technical standard, an operatorof the communications system, and the like) and CP2 is selected from theset of possible CP length values as long as CP2 is larger than or equalto CP_(DL). For discussion purposes, consider a situation where the setof possible CP length values includes 4 values: 0.4 us, 0.8 us, 1.6 us,and 3.2 us. The set of possible CP length values is indexed by a two-bitindex: “00”, “01”, “10”, and “11”, respectively. Assume that CP_(DL) is0.8 us (corresponding to index “01”) is used for transmission of thetrigger frame, so the two-bit index (“01”) is indicated in the triggerframe. The station may derive an index for CP2 by incrementing an indexfor CP_(DL) by value K. The value of K may be a fixed value defined by atechnical standard, an operator of the communications system, and thelike. Alternatively, the value of K may be signaled by an AP in a systeminformation message, e.g., in a Beacon frame. If the resulting index forCP2 is greater than a maximum index value (e.g., the total number ofindices), the station sets the index for CP2 to the maximum index value.The value of CP2 may be determined from the index of CP2. As anillustrative example, consider a situation where K=1, value ofCP_(DL)=0.8 us, and index of CP_(DL)=1, the station may be able toderive the index for CP2 by

index  of  CP₂ = min (index  of  CP_(DL) + K, maximum  index  value) = min (1 + 1, 3) = 2.

Therefore, the value of CP2 (when using the set of possible CP lengthvalues and corresponding indices as discussed above)=1.6 us. As anotherillustrative example, consider a situation where K=3, value ofCP_(DL)=0.8 us, and index of CP_(DL)=1, the station may be able toderive the index for CP2 by

index  of  CP₂ = min (index  of  CP_(DL) + K, maximum  index  value) = min (1 + 3, 3) = 3.

Therefore, the value of CP2 (when using the set of possible CP lengthvalues and corresponding indices as discussed above)=3.2 us.

FIG. 3a illustrates a flow diagram of example operations 300 occurringin an AP as the AP transmits uplink scheduling information to stations.The AP may perform a check to determine if it is using OFDMA and/or ULMU-MIMO for the uplink being scheduled (block 305). If it is, the AP maytransmit the uplink scheduling information along with the indicator setto indicate that OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is to be used for the scheduleduplink (block 310). If it is not, the AP may transmit the uplinkscheduling information along with the indicator set to indicate thatOFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is not to be used for the scheduled uplink(block 315). The uplink scheduling information may be carried in atrigger frame. In addition to the uplink scheduling information, thetrigger frame may also comprise an indicator indicating the cyclicprefix length value for the downlink (e.g., CP_(DL)).

FIG. 3b illustrates a flow diagram of example operations 350 occurringin a station as the station transmits to its AP. The station may receiveuplink scheduling information from its AP (block 355). The station mayalso receive the indicator of CP_(DL) from the trigger frame. Thestation may perform a check to determine if OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO isgoing to be used in the uplink (block 360). If OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMOis going to be used in the uplink, i.e., the indicator is set to thefirst value (TRUE or ON), the station sets the value of the UL cyclicprefix to CP2, which may be derived from CP_(DL) (block 365) andtransmits to the AP (block 370). If OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is not goingto be used in the uplink, i.e., the indicator is set to the second value(FALSE or OFF), the station sets its cyclic prefix length to CP1 orCP_(DL) (block 375) and transmits to the AP (block 370).

In the SIFS after the end of the received uplink scheduling information,the station may start its uplink transmission with cyclic prefix lengthof CP_(UL) on a resource as indicated in the uplink schedulinginformation. The technique as presented herein affords greaterflexibility in setting UL cyclic prefix length when OFDMA and/or MU-MIMOis used in the UL since the station can derive the UL cyclic prefixlength from the DL cyclic prefix length. Therefore, the orthogonalitybetween signals from the different stations is maintained at thereceiver (e.g., the AP).

As an illustrative example, assuming the AP coverage is 100 meters, thenthe maximum round-trip propagation delay is about 0.67 us. With theguard interval (i.e., CP length) of 0.8 us in current 802.11 WiFisystem, there is only 0.13 us (0.8-0.67 us) left for mitigating channeldelay spread and station timing inaccuracy, which most likely will beinadequate. However, with a longer CP length value, for example, 1.6 us,for the UL when UL OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is used, after deducting themaximum round-trip delay of 0.67 us, there still is about 0.93 us leftfor mitigating channel delay spread and STA timing inaccuracy, whichmost likely will be sufficient for most of the scenarios.

According to an example embodiment, low overhead associated with the useof shorter CPs is maintained when longer CPs are not needed. As anexample, when OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is not used, the longer CP is notnecessary and a shorter CP may be employed, thus reducing the overheadarising from the CP. But when OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is used, althougha longer CP is employed, the additional overhead from longer CP will becompensated for due to the use of OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO. In fact,additional gain may be achieved due to the use of OFDMA and/or ULMU-MIMO (e.g., supporting transmissions from multiple stations).

FIG. 4 illustrates an example interaction 400 between an AP and twostations (STA1 and STA2). It is noted that for simplicity reasons, onboth the uplink and the downlink, only one OFDM symbol is shown. Inreality, actual downlink and uplink transmissions may occur over aplurality of OFDM symbols. The AP transmits uplink schedulinginformation 405 to STA1 and STA2 on the downlink, with a CP length ofCP_(DL) 407. The uplink scheduling information includes the indicatorthat OFDMA is to be used on the scheduled uplink transmissions. Due topropagation delay, after T_(Delay1), STA1 receives the uplink schedulinginformation (shown as uplink scheduling information 409). Similarly,after T_(Delay2), STA2 receives the uplink scheduling information (shownas uplink scheduling information 411). In this example, the distancebetween STA2 and AP is larger than the distance between STA1 and AP,therefore, T_(Delay2)>T_(Delay1). STA1 and STA2 check their uplinkscheduling information, find their resource allocation information, andalso find that OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is to be used in the scheduleduplink transmission, so the stations set the CP length of ULtransmission CP_(UL) to CP2, which is larger than CP_(DL). The use ofOFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO may be determined from an implicit indicator oran explicit indicator.

At a time SIFS after the end of their received uplink schedulinginformation, STA1 and STA2 transmit their uplink traffic on theirallocated resource, respectively (uplink traffic 413 for STA1 and uplinktraffic 415 for STA2), with a CP length of CP_(UL)=CP2, which is largerthan CP_(DL). Similarly, due to propagation delay, STA1 and STA2'suplink transmissions arrive at the AP after a delay of T_(Delay1) andT_(Delay2), respectively. Considering the round trip delay (e.g., fromAP to station, and from station to AP), the difference of the arrivaltime of STA1 and STA2's uplink signal at AP receiver is2*(T_(Delay2)−T_(Delay1)). Since the CP length on the uplink is set toCP_(UL)=CP₂, which is larger than 2*(T_(Delay2)−T_(Delay1)) withsufficient margin, the arrival time difference between STA1 and STA2 canbe well accommodated by CP_(UL), and the orthogonality between theuplink signals of STA1 and STA2 at the AP is maintained. The AP receivesthe uplink transmissions from STA1 and STA2 and performs additionaloperations accordingly.

FIG. 5 illustrates a message exchange diagram 500 highlighting messagesexchanged between a station and its AP, where an indicator of the use ofOFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is included in uplink scheduling information.

The AP may determine resource allocations for stations, as well asdetermine if OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is to be used by the stations intransmissions in the resource allocations (block 505). The AP may sendUL scheduling information in a trigger frame (shown as event 510). TheUL scheduling information is sent with a CP length of CP_(DL). Theindication of CP_(DL) may also be sent in the trigger frame. The stationreceives the UL scheduling information. The station may also receive theindicator of CP_(DL) from the trigger frame. From the UL schedulinginformation, the station may be able to determine resource allocationinformation, as well as an indicator if OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO arebeing used in the UL transmission (block 515). If OFDMA and/or ULMU-MIMO is being used, the station may set CP_(UL)=CP2 (which is derivedfrom CP_(DL)), while if OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is not being used, thestation may set CP_(UL)=CP1=CP_(DL). The station may send an ULtransmission in a resource(s) allocated for it (shown as event 520). TheUL transmission is sent with a CP length of CP_(UL).

According to an example embodiment, to further reduce communicationsoverhead, it is not necessary to carry the indication of whether OFDMAand/or MU-MIMO is to be used in the scheduled UL transmission. Uponreceiving the UL scheduling information, the station may determinewhether the UL scheduling information includes scheduling informationfor more than one station. If the scheduling information is for morethan one station, the station may determine that OFDM and/or MU-MIMO isto be used in the scheduled UL transmission. The station may set itsCP_(UL) to CP2, which is derived from CP_(DL). If the schedulinginformation is not for more than one station, the station may set itsCP_(UL) to CP1. In general, CP2 is larger than CP1.

FIG. 6 illustrates a message exchange diagram 500 highlighting messagesexchanged between a station and its AP, where the station determines ifOFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is being used from the scheduling information.

The AP may determine resource allocations for stations, as well asdetermine if OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is to be used by the stations intransmissions in the resource allocations (block 605). The AP may sendUL scheduling information in a trigger frame (shown as event 610). TheUL scheduling information is sent with a CP length of CP_(DL). Theindication of CP_(DL) may also be sent in the trigger frame. The stationreceives the UL scheduling information. From the UL schedulinginformation, the station may be able to determine resource allocationinformation, as well if OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is being used in the ULtransmission (block 615). If OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is being used(i.e., if the UL scheduling information is for more than one station),the station may set CP_(UL)=CP2 (which is derived from CP_(DL)), whileif OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is not being used, the station may setCP_(UL)=CP1=CP_(DL). The station may send an UL transmission in aresource(s) allocated for it (shown as event 620). The UL transmissionis sent with a CP length of CP_(UL).

FIG. 7a illustrates a flow diagram of example operations 700 occurringin an AP as the AP transmits UL scheduling information. Operations 700may begin with the AP determining resource allocations for stations. TheAP may transmit UL scheduling information in a trigger frame (block705). In addition to the uplink scheduling information, the triggerframe may also comprise an indicator indicating the cyclic prefix lengthvalue for the downlink (e.g., CP_(DL)).

FIG. 7b illustrates a flow diagram of example operations 750 occurringin a station as the station transmits on an uplink. Operations 750 maybegin with the station receiving UL scheduling information (block 755).The station may also receive the indicator of CP_(DL) from the triggerframe. The UL scheduling information may include information about aresource(s) scheduled for the station. The station may perform a test todetermine if the UL scheduling information is intended for more than onestation (block 760). If the UL scheduling information is intended formore than one station, the station may adjust its CP_(UL) in accordancewith CP2, which is derived from CP_(DL) (block 765). While if the ULscheduling information is not intended for more than one station, thestation adjust its CP_(UL) in accordance with CP1 (block 770). Thestation may make the UL transmission with CP value as indicated (block775).

According to an example embodiment, a table is used to derive CP2 fromCP_(DL). A table (which may be stored in memory of the station) mayprovide a mapping between DL cyclic prefix length values and UL cyclicprefix length values for UL transmissions. The station may select thevalue of CP2 from CP_(DL), which is indicated in the trigger message. Anexample table is shown below:

DL CP Length (us) UL CP Length for UL MU (us) 0.4 1.6 0.8 1.6 1.6 3.23.2 3.2

As an illustrative example, assume that CP_(DL) is 0.8 us. From thetable shown above, the station may be able to determine that CP2 shouldbe 1.6 us. As another illustrative example, assume that CP_(DL) is 0.4us. From the table shown above, the station may be able to determinethat CP2 should be 1.6 us. The table may be defined by a technicalstandard, an operator of the communications system, and the like. Thetable may also be signaled to the station in system information, e.g.,in a Beacon frame.

According to an example embodiment, the value of CP2 may be derived fromCP_(DL) using a mathematical expression. As an illustrative example,consider a situation wherein a station receives a trigger frameincluding a CP_(DL) indicator. The station may add a value (CP_(delta))to CP_(DL) to obtain CP2, where CP_(delta) represents a differencebetween UL CP length value for UL transmission and DL CP length value.An example mathematical expression may be

CP2=CP _(DL) +CP _(delta).

If, for example, CP_(DL)=0.8 us and CP_(delta)=1.6 us, then CP2=0.8+1.6us=2.4 us. CP_(delta) may be defined in a technical standard, anoperator of the communications system, and the like. CP_(delta) may besignaled to the station as system information, e.g., in a Beacon frame.

According to an example embodiment, the value of CP2 may be derived fromCP_(DL) using a mathematical expression. As an illustrative example,consider a situation wherein a station receives a trigger frameincluding a CP_(DL) indicator. The station may multiply a scaling factor(CP_(scale)) to CP_(DL) to obtain CP2, where CP_(scale) represents theratio of UL CP length value for UL transmission to DL CP length value.CP_(scale) may be an integer value or a non-integer (i.e., a realnumber) value. CP_(scale) is generally larger than 1. An examplemathematical expression may be

CP2=min(CP _(DL) *CP _(scale) ,CP _(max)),

where CP_(max) is the maximum CP length value. If, for example,CP_(DL)=0.8 us, CP_(scale)=2 and CP_(max)=3.2 us, then CP2=min(0.8*2,3.2)=1.6 us. CP_(scale) may be defined in a technical standard, anoperator of the communications system, and the like. CP_(scale) may besignaled to the station as system information, e.g., in a Beacon frame.

The example embodiments presented herein enable the use of OFDMA and/orUL MU-MIMO, making resource usage more efficient. A cyclic prefix forthe uplink (CP_(UL)) is longer than the cyclic prefix for the downlink(CP_(DL)), which may help to accommodate different propagation delaysbetween different stations and the AP, thereby maintaining theorthogonality among signals from the different stations at the AP.Adaptive cyclic prefix length also helps to maintain low overhead. WhenOFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO are not used, longer cyclic prefixes are notnecessary and a shorter cyclic prefix may be used, therefore reducingoverhead. When OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO is used, longer cyclic prefixesare used, but the increased overhead may be compensated for by theadditional gain achieved through the use of OFDMA and/or UL MU-MIMO. Theexample embodiments presented herein also afford greater flexibility insetting UL cyclic prefix length when OFDMA and/or MU-MIMO is used in theUL since the station can derive the UL cyclic prefix length from the DLcyclic prefix length.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a processing system 800 that may be usedfor implementing the devices and methods disclosed herein. In someembodiments, the processing system 800 comprises a UE. Specific devicesmay utilize all of the components shown, or only a subset of thecomponents, and levels of integration may vary from device to device.Furthermore, a device may contain multiple instances of a component,such as multiple processing units, processors, memories, transmitters,receivers, etc. The processing system may comprise a processing unit 805equipped with one or more input/output devices, such as a humaninterface 815 (including speaker, microphone, mouse, touchscreen,keypad, keyboard, printer, and the like), display 810, and so on. Theprocessing unit may include a central processing unit (CPU) 820, memory825, a mass storage device 830, a video adapter 835, and an I/Ointerface 840 connected to a bus 845.

The bus 845 may be one or more of any type of several bus architecturesincluding a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, videobus, or the like. The CPU 820 may comprise any type of electronic dataprocessor. The memory 825 may comprise any type of system memory such asstatic random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM),synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), a combination thereof,or the like. In an embodiment, the memory 825 may include ROM for use atboot-up, and DRAM for program and data storage for use while executingprograms.

The mass storage device 830 may comprise any type of storage deviceconfigured to store data, programs, and other information and to makethe data, programs, and other information accessible via the bus 845.The mass storage device 830 may comprise, for example, one or more of asolid state drive, hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, an opticaldisk drive, or the like.

The video adapter 835 and the I/O interface 840 provide interfaces tocouple external input and output devices to the processing unit 800. Asillustrated, examples of input and output devices include the display810 coupled to the video adapter 835 and the mouse/keyboard/printer 815coupled to the I/O interface 840. Other devices may be coupled to theprocessing unit 800, and additional or fewer interface devices may beutilized. For example, a serial interface such as Universal Serial Bus(USB) (not shown) may be used to provide an interface for a printer.

The processing unit 800 also includes one or more network interfaces850, which may comprise wired links, such as an Ethernet cable or thelike, and/or wireless links to access nodes or different networks 855.The network interface 850 allows the processing unit 800 to communicatewith remote units via the networks 855. For example, the networkinterface 850 may provide wireless communication via one or moretransmitters/transmit antennas and one or more receivers/receiveantennas. In an embodiment, the processing unit 800 is coupled to alocal-area network or a wide-area network 855 for data processing andcommunications with remote devices, such as other processing units, theInternet, remote storage facilities, or the like.

Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been describedin detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutionsand alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit andscope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

1. A station comprising: one or more memories; and one or moreprocessors in communication with the one or more memories, wherein theone or more processors are configured to execute instructions stored inthe one or more memories to cause the station to: receive schedulinginformation and a first indicator indicating a first guard interval of adownlink transmission including the scheduling information, thescheduling information comprising information for an uplink transmissionscheduled for the station; derive a second guard interval for the uplinktransmission based at least on the first indicator, wherein the secondguard interval is 1.6 us when the first guard interval is 0.8 us, andthe second guard interval is 3.2 us when the first guard interval is 3.2us or 1.6 us; and transmit the uplink transmission in accordance withthe second guard interval.
 2. The station of claim 1, wherein the firstindicator consists of 2 bits.
 3. The station of claim 1, wherein thescheduling information is received together with other downlink data inthe downlink transmission.
 4. The station of claim 1, wherein orthogonalfrequency division multiple access, OFDMA, is to be used in uplinktransmissions including the uplink transmission.
 5. The station of claim1, wherein the scheduling information indicates that orthogonalfrequency division multiple access, OFDMA, is to be used in uplinktransmissions including the uplink transmission.
 6. A method forcommunicating in a wireless communications system, the methodcomprising: receiving, by a station, scheduling information and a firstindicator indicating a first guard interval of a downlink transmissionincluding the scheduling information, the scheduling informationcomprising information for an uplink transmission scheduled for thestation; deriving, by the station, a second guard interval for theuplink transmission based at least on the first indicator, wherein thesecond guard interval is 1.6 us when the first guard interval is 0.8 us,and the second guard interval is 3.2 us when the first guard interval is3.2 us or 1.6 us; and transmitting, by the station, the uplinktransmission in accordance with the second guard interval.
 7. The methodof claim 6, wherein the first indicator consists of 2 bits.
 8. Themethod of claim 6, wherein the scheduling information is receivedtogether with other downlink data in the downlink transmission.
 9. Themethod of claim 6, wherein orthogonal frequency division multipleaccess, OFDMA, is to be used in uplink transmissions including theuplink transmission.
 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the schedulinginformation indicates that orthogonal frequency division multipleaccess, OFDMA, is to be used in uplink transmissions including theuplink transmission.
 11. A method for communicating in a wirelesscommunications system, the method comprising: receiving, by a station, afirst scheduling information and a first indicator indicating a firstdownlink guard interval of a first downlink transmission including thefirst scheduling information, the first scheduling informationcomprising information for a first uplink transmission scheduled for thestation; determining, by the station, that the first indicator indicatesthat the first downlink guard interval is 3.2 us; deriving, by thestation, a first uplink guard interval of 3.2 us for the first uplinktransmission based at least on the determination that the firstindicator indicates that the first downlink guard interval is 3.2 us;and transmitting, by the station, the first uplink transmission inaccordance with the first uplink guard interval and the first schedulinginformation.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first indicatorconsists of 2 bits.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the firstscheduling information is received together with other downlink data inthe first downlink transmission.
 14. The method of claim 11, whereinorthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, is to be used inuplink transmissions including the first uplink transmission.
 15. Themethod of claim 11, wherein the first scheduling information indicatesthat orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, is to be usedin uplink transmissions including the first uplink transmission.
 16. Themethod of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises: receiving, bythe station, a second scheduling information and a second indicatorindicating a second downlink guard interval of a second downlinktransmission including the second scheduling information, the secondscheduling information comprising information for a second uplinktransmission scheduled for the station; determining, by the station,that the second indicator indicates that the second downlink guardinterval is 1.6 us; deriving, by the station, a second uplink guardinterval of 3.2 us for the second uplink transmission based at least onthe determination that the second indicator indicates that the seconddownlink guard interval is 1.6 us; and transmitting, by the station, thesecond uplink transmission in accordance with the second uplink guardinterval and the second scheduling information.
 17. The method of claim11, wherein the method further comprises: receiving, by the station, athird scheduling information and a third indicator indicating a thirddownlink guard interval of a third downlink transmission including thethird scheduling information, the third scheduling informationcomprising information for a third uplink transmission scheduled for thestation; determining, by the station, that the third indicator indicatesthat the third downlink guard interval is 0.8 us; deriving, by thestation, a third uplink guard interval of 1.6 us for the third uplinktransmission based at least on the determination that the thirdindicator indicates that the third downlink guard interval is 0.8 us;and transmitting, by the station, the third uplink transmission inaccordance with the third uplink guard interval and the third schedulinginformation.
 18. An apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and oneor more processors in communication with the one or more memories,wherein the one or more processors are configured to executeinstructions stored in the one or more memories to cause the apparatusto: transmit a frame comprising scheduling information and a firstindicator indicating a first guard interval of at least part of theframe, wherein the scheduling information comprises information for anuplink transmission scheduled for a station; and receive, from thestation, the uplink transmission with a second guard interval derivedbased at least on the first indicator, wherein the second guard intervalis 1.6 us when the first guard interval is 0.8 us, and the second guardinterval is 3.2 us when the first guard interval is 1.6 us or 3.2 us.19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the scheduling information is foruplink transmissions scheduled for a plurality of stations, andorthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA, is to be used inthe uplink transmissions including the uplink transmission.
 20. Theapparatus of claim 18, wherein the first indicator consists of 2 bits.21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the scheduling information istransmitted together with other downlink data in the frame.
 22. Theapparatus of claim 18, wherein orthogonal frequency division multipleaccess, OFDMA, is to be used in uplink transmissions including theuplink transmission.
 23. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein thescheduling information indicates that orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access, OFDMA, is to be used in uplink transmissions includingthe uplink transmission.